The two major types of database injection attacks are SQL injections that target traditional database systems and NoSQL injections that target “big data” platforms. Users may abuse legitimate database privileges for unauthorized purposes, Gerhart said. “For example, a bank employee whose job requires the ability to change only account holder contact information may take advantage of excessive database privileges and increase the account balance of a colleague’s savings account.” Further, some companies fail to update access privileges for employees who change roles within an organization or leave altogether. When workers are granted default database privileges that exceed the requirements of their job functions, these privileges can be abused, Gerhart said. The most common database threats include: The threats identified over the last couple of years are the same that continue to plague businesses today, according to Gerhart. In addition to financial loss or reputation damage, breaches can result in regulatory violations, fines and legal fees,” he said. “When hackers and malicious insiders gain access to sensitive data, they can quickly extract value, inflict damage or impact business operations. Organizations are not protecting these crucial assets well enough, he added. “The reason databases are targeted so often is quite simple-they are at the heart of any organization, storing customer records and other confidential business data,” said Morgan Gerhart, vice president of product marketing at cybersecurity firm Imperva. Databases are one of the most compromised assets according to the 2015 Verizon Data Breach Investigations Report. Every day, hackers unleash attacks designed to steal confidential data, and an organization’s database servers are often the primary targets of these attacks.

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